In United States v. Ackerly, the government appealed the District Court's decision to grant a new trial on the basis of the defendant's argument that the government violated the Confrontation Clause. In that case, the defendant and her co-defendants were alleged to have conducted a fraudulent scheme, which consisted of bribing an employee of a firm (ISS) in exchange for non-public information about ISS's proxy-voting advice, and to have concealed their scheme by falsely invoicing their own employer's (Georgeson, Inc.) clients for a portion of the cost of the bribes.